Simultaneous determination of Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat grain from Morocco by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

In the present study, eighteen (18) mycotoxin produced by the genus Fusarium (fumonisins (FB1, FB2 and FB3), type-B trichothecenes (NIV, DON, FUS-X, 3Ac-DON and 15Ac-DON), type-A trichothecenes (NEO, DAS, T2 and HT2), zearalenone (ZEA), beauvericin (BEA), and enniatins (ENA, ENA1, ENB and ENB1)) were monitored in different samples of wheat grain commercialized in Morocco. A liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method previous matrix solid phase dispersion extraction was used for sample analysis. A total of eighty (80) samples of durum wheat were collected in different local markets from several areas in Morocco. Analytical results showed that 54 out of 80 total wheat samples (68%) were contaminated. The mycotoxins found were ENA, ENA1, ENB and ENB1, DON and BEA. The rest of investigated mycotoxins were below the limits of quantification. In positive samples, enniatins levels ranged between 2.5 and 2570 μg/kg. DON levels ranged between 121 and 1480 μg/kg and BEA levels were between 5.4 and 16 μg/kg. Among enniatins, ENB was predominant with a frequency of 61%. Co-presence of DON, enniatins and BEA from durum wheat from Morocco was found for the first time.