Do suppliersʹ formal controls damage distributorsʹ trust?

Do suppliersʹ formal controls damage distributorsʹ trust? Extensive studies on this question show mixed results. This article develops a theoretical model that (a) takes into account the use of formal controls for both decision control and decision management; (b) employs perceptual measures from the controlled partyʹs point of view; (c) proposes that the control-trust association is contingent upon the character (coercive vs. enabling) of different control tools; and (d) focuses on a mature relationship. This model was empirically tested with survey data from 107 distributors, trying to capture the moderator effect of two control tools on the association between formal control uses and trust development. With this approach, the results seem to show that decision-control and decision-management uses simultaneously substitute for and complement distributorsʹ trust, and that their effects are partly moderated by the coercive or enabling character of the specific control tool used to manage the relationship.