Effect of ultrasound treatment on oil recovery from soybean gum by using phospholipase C

Comparative studies of enzymatic oil recovery process of water degummed soybean gum (WDSG) were carried out in mechanical-stirring (MS) and ultrasonic-assisted mechanical-stirring (UAMS) systems. The influences of ultrasonic power (0.68–1.52 W/cm3), gum/water ratio (w/w) (1/0.5–1/3.0), reaction temperature (40–65 °C), enzyme dosage (200–1000 mg/kg) and reaction time (2–7 h) were investigated subsequently. A suitable ultrasonic power of 1.20 W/cm3 was determined to guarantee satisfactory oil recovery efficiency and enzyme activity. Compared to the MS system, less time, water and enzyme dosage were required in the UAMS system for the oil recovery process, and the thermal stability of phospholipase C (PLC) under ultrasound treatment was increased. Analysis of the quality of recovered oil showed that indices including phosphorus content, free fatty acid content, peroxide value, fatty acid composition, color, smell and taste could meet the requirements of crude soybean oil. However, ultrasound treatment could accelerate the primary oxidation of recovered oil due to the effect of cavitation. These results indicate that using PLC to recover oil from WDSG with ultrasound treatment is feasible and effective, and more attention should be paid on the oxidative stability of recovered oil for its further application.