Polarons and solitons in Jahn–Teller systems

Using a semiclassical continuum model of an electron in a deformable molecular crystal, some properties of multicomponent generalizations of the polaron – “vector polarons” – are elucidated. Analytical solutions for the case of two electronic bands coupled to two vibrational modes are given in detail. Within the model considered, the vector polaron can be classified by its wavefunction into several types and can have features that include: (1) a spatial variation in the electronic and vibrational character, and (2) low-energy internal degrees of freedom. For the case of electronic and vibrational degeneracy, local Jahn–Teller interactions can also lead to a novel spatiotemporal soliton, a long-lived excited state of the many-electron system stabilized by the conservation law resulting from degeneracy.