Gallyl chitooligosaccharides inhibit intracellular free radical-mediated oxidation

This study explains the novel possibility of the involvement of gallic acid conjugated chitooligosaccharides (G-COS) in ameliorating cellular antioxidant activity. The free radicals scavenging activity of G-COS was assessed by using an electron spin resonance technique. In addition, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species, lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation were determined in human chondrosarcoma (SW1353 cells). Moreover, the antioxidative mechanism of G-COS was evaluated by protein and gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione). Western blot analysis revealed that G-COS inhibit radical-mediated expression and activation of NF-κB proteins (transcription factor in the regulation of expression of numerous genes in the setting of the osteoarthritic response). Based on the results of this study, G-COS can be used as a scavenger in controlling free radicals that lead to damage to cellular systems in osteoarthritis.