SONET Network Element Mapping for Efficient Communication

The Information over an optical fiber is transmitted by turning light on and off and for extraction of this information from bits the SONET/SDH technique were used. These optical links use a low level framing protocol to transmit information and SONET/SDH is used to define this low level protocol. By “framing”, we mean a block of bits (or octets) which have a structure, and which utilize some technique which allows us to find the boundaries of that frame structure.