Assessment of Genotype × Environment Interactions for Black Soybean Yield using Ammi and GGE Biplot

Soybean production in Indonesia is facing challenges of diverse growing environments, leading to genotype and environment interaction (GEI). Ten soybean genotypes, consisting of eight promising lines and two check cultivars (Detam 1 and Mallika) were evaluated at 16 locations in 2011. The aim of this study was to evaluate the GEI using AMMI and GGE biplot analysis for black soybean yield in order to identify stable genotypes. The results indicate a significant effect of genotype, environment, and GEI with respect to yield. The average yield of ten black soybean genotypes was 2.59 t/ha. The yield of promising lines ranged from 2.51 to 2.88 t/ha. Genotype W9837 x Cikuray-66 has the highest yield (2.88 t/ha) among all genotypes and check cultivars. AMMI model showed that the first three were significant, which explained 37.66%, 18.19%, and 17.63% of the interaction sum of squares, respectively. The partitioning of the G + GE sum of squares through GGE biplot showed that PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 are significant components that explain 45.19%, 3.94%, 13.50%, and 12.78% of G + GE sum of squares, respectively. Genotypes W9837 × Cikuray-66 was stable according to both AMMI and GGE methods, and proposed to be released as a new high-yielding black soybean cultivar.