Advances in designing perovskite catalysts

Recent advances in the basis for designing perovskite catalysts (ABO3, A: rare earths, B: transition metals of the first row) are reviewed. The main strategies of the catalyst design are; (1) selection of B-site elements which principally determine the catalytic activity, (2) valency and vacancy controls by selection of A-site elements including partial substitution, (3) synergistic effects of constituting elements, mainly B-site transition elements, (4) enhancement of surface area by forming fine particles or dispersing on supports, and (5) addition of precious metals with their appropriate regeneration to realize a high-performance automotive catalyst.