The simulation of the electrochemical cathodic Ca–P deposition process

Electrochemical cathodic deposition has been widely employed for fabrication of Ca–P films onto surface of titanium. However, systematical and theoretical analyses for this process are rarely reported. In this study, a model of Ca–P nucleation for electrochemical deposition process was proposed based on classical crystallization theories of thermodynamics and kinetics. The obtained results from this model referred to that: the following results are obtained: the Ca–P phase precipitated on titanium is DCPD under lower loading current (I0 < 0.5 mA) and shorter loading time (t < 50 s); the preferential precipitated phase on titanium is OCP under higher loading current (I0 > 0.5 mA) and longer loading time (t > 50 s). Inspiringly, this theoretical model was successfully validated with our experimental results analyzed through high-resolution TEM micrographs.