Decellularized dermis–polymer complex provides a platform for soft-to-hard tissue interfaces

To develop a soft-to-hard tissue interface, we made a decellularized dermis/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) complex by soaking the decellularized dermis in methyl methacrylate (MMA) and an initiator, and then polymerizing the MMA. The decellularized tissue was chosen because of its good biocompatibility and the easiness of suturing it, and MMA because of its hard tissue compatibility and wide use in the biomedical field. The MMA filled the cavities in the dermis and polymerized within 10 min. No leaking or polymer aggregation was observed, implying that a homogenous tissue–polymer complex had formed. The cell infiltration and the integration between the tissue and the dermis occurred in vivo, whereas the cells could not infiltrate the tissue–polymer complex. This implies that the interface tissue should possess both complex and noncomplex parts, where the cells infiltrate the noncomplex part and stop when they encounter the complex part, integrating the soft and hard tissue or hard polymer.