Elicitation of different Panax ginseng transformed root phenotypes for an improved ginsenoside production

We tested the effect of the presence in the culture medium of chitosan, vanadyl sulfate or methyl jasmonate on growth and ginsenoside production of three stable hairy root lines of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer showing different morphological phenotypes C-M, HR-M and T-M. The response depended upon line phenotype, specificity of the elicitor and the stage of growth at which the lines were treated. The highest ginsenoside yield was found when methyl jasmonate was added during the progressive deceleration growth phase (on day 25 of culture). In this case, the ginsenoside content reached at the end of the culture (day 28) by root lines C-M, HR-M and T-M was, respectively, 2, 1.8 and 4 times higher than the highest content achieved, also at the end of the culture, by the corresponding untreated root lines. Under the same conditions, the ginsenoside content in the presence of vanadyl sulfate also increased considerably, while with chitosan it clearly decreased. The ginsenoside pattern in response to the presence of the elicitors is also considered.