Hierarchical linear relationship between the U.S. leisure and entertainment consumption

Research on leisure and entertainment consumption has been increasing noticeably in recent years. However, while some literature is available on traditional regression and ANOVA analysis; little information is available on contextual quantitative analysis, above all, considering the relation between the time variance and consumption based on different entertainments. Thus, this work used the hierarchical linear growth modeling to address this. Overall, the results indicated that time variance and disposable income both positively related to entertainment expenditures over different entertainment types. Thus, this work suggests that not only the disposable income and time variance but also the specific development context of various entertainments should be further considered in related entertainment consumption research.