Current trends on design and assembly of pixel detector systems in biomedicine and high-energy physics

The design and assembly of an integrated system made of pixel sensors as sensitive elements combined with read-out electronics and connecting cables or alternative connecting structures, is discussed. The new trends are summarised and critically evaluated. It is shown that many problems are common to High-Energy Physics and Biomedical devices and that this cross-interaction is profitable. Technological choices on new highly integrated modules are presented, with the first successful cases and the risks of failure.