First-order focusing parallel electron energy magnetic sector analyzer designs

This paper presents magnetic field distributions suitable for the design of first-order focusing parallel energy magnetic sector analyzers. Direct ray tracing simulation results predict that electrons can be deflected and focused onto a straight detector plane for an energy range that spans up to five orders of magnitude. These distributions are generated both by analytical functions and programs based on the finite element method. Using this approach, the paper presents a magnetic field sector electron analyzer design that is compact enough to form an array in the azimuthal angular direction (out-of-plane direction) so that it can be used as a high transmission attachment. Experimental field strength measurements from a prototype box analyzer using permanent magnets were made, and they correlate well with simulated predictions.