The role of SLIT–ROBO pathway in crucial cell processes during physiological and pathological conditions

The SLIT glycoproteins and their roundabout (ROBO) receptors were originally identified as axon guidance molecules that prevent axons from re-crossing the midline. In addition, the SLIT–ROBO interaction is involved in the regulation of cell migration, cell death and angiogenesis. Furthermore, it has a pivotal role during the morphogenesis, controlling the correct development of lung, kidney, liver and breast. The functions which the SLIT–ROBO fulfills during tissue morphogenesis are often dysregulated during cancer development. Therefore inactivation of certain SLITs and ROBOs is associated with advanced tumor formation and progression in disparate tissues. However, some studies revealed that SLIT–ROBO may promote tumor angiogenesis and, consequently, its growth. This review is focused on summarizing the current knowledge about the role of SLIT–ROBO pathway in development of disparate tissues in physiological conditions and in pathogenesis of neoplasms, including hematological malignancies.