Type-2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic control, serum inflammatory factors, lifestyle, and periodontal status

Type-2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are complex human diseases. Pathogenesis of both ailments is multifactorial, involving chronic disease courses with varied clinical presentations. It is well established in the scientific literature that both diseases are interrelated; in particular, individuals suffering from diabetes are at a higher risk of developing periodontitis. The present review analyzed, using a hypothetical model, the complex factors that may influence the two diseases indirectly, including lifestyle, obesity, diabetes control, oral health behavior, and serum inflammatory factors, and even quality of life. In this review, special attention was given to exploring plausible theoretical or practical explanations of the interrelations and the contemporary evidence base underpinning these. Since the impact of individual general or oral health quality of life factors are substantial, it is very important for health care professionals to appreciate the influence of these factors as controlling these help assist in management of both type-2 diabetes and periodontal diseases thus reducing the social burden of these two complex disease in various populations.