The Upper and Lower Nisyros Pumices: Revisions to the Mediterranean tephrostratigraphic record based on micron-beam glass geochemistry

The Greek island of Nisyros is the source of tephra found in distal settings throughout the Aegean. In this contribution, we define geochemical fingerprints for the Lower and Upper Pumice eruptions of Nisyros based on micron-beam major (EMPA) and trace (LA-ICP-MS) element data. These two eruptions are compositionally distinct from each other. The high phenocryst content of proximal Lower and Upper Pumice tephra means that the differences between the two magmas are masked in whole-rock analyses. We demonstrate that all previous reports of distal marine and continental tephras correspond to the younger Upper Pumice not the older Lower Pumice. This has important implications for the marine tephrochronology of the Mediterranean and for the age of the Upper and Lower Pumice eruptions. We suggest an age of at least 47 ka for the Upper Pumice and an older, unconstrained age for the Lower Pumice.