Couplings in Multi-criterion Aerodynamic Optimization Problems Using Adjoint Methods and Game Strategies

The tighten couplings of game strategies with adjoint methods for multi-criterion aerodynamic design optimization are addressed. Its numerical implementation is also described in details. In cooperative game, adjoint methods are coupled in parallel to compute Pareto front collaboratively. Conversely in a Nash game, adjoint methods are coupled in each playerʹs decision making to achieve Nash equilibrium competitively. In Stackelberg game, adjoint methods used by players are nested hierarchically through incomplete and complete decisions of the leader and followers respectively. Several design examples illustrate the efficiency of the coupling algorithms for multi-criterion aerodynamic design optimization problems.