Ice rubble behaviour and strength: Part II. Modelling

Part I of this paper reviews ice rubble testing methods and the interpretation of test results. The present Part II elaborates on the modelling of ice rubble behaviour and strength. A pseudo-discrete continuum model is presented as a tool to study ice rubble behaviour (2D) in the primary failure mode that is associated with breakage of the initial skeleton. A non-linear Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion is proposed to describe the secondary failure mode of ice rubble.