The temperature features for different ventilated-duct embankments with adjustable shutters in the Qinghai–Tibet railway

Considering the global warming and the temperature difference between the sunny slope and the shading slope of the embankment in the Qinghai–Tibet railway, the cooling effects for different ventilated-duct embankments with adjustable shutters on the permafrost are studied with 3-D numerical simulations. The numerical results indicated that their temperature fields have distinct difference; the permafrost tables under the adjustable ventilated-duct embankments are raised and the thaw bulbs are degenerated gradually; they are able to ensure the thermal stability of the permafrost under the scenario of climatic warming but the ordinary embankment is not.