Constitutive model for internal resistance of moving ice accumulations and Eulerian implementation for river ice jam formation

This paper presents a one-dimensional numerical model for simulating dynamic ice jam formation. The formulation is unique in that a purely Eulerian finite element method is used for both the hydrodynamic and the ice dynamics components of the model. A new constitutive model for determining the internal resistance of moving ice accumulation is formulated, and its suitability is explored based on stress and strain rate data obtained from experimental data describing ice jam formation dynamics. The proposed model is validated with a hypothetical idealized ice jam scenario, for which an analytical solution is available. Additional model validation is achieved using a series of experimental ice jam consolidation events.