Left-handed propagation media via photonic crystal and metamaterials

We review the electromagnetic properties of artificial structures such as photonic band gap materials (Electromagnetic Band Gap at microwaves) and metamaterials with main emphasis on backward (left-handed) propagation media. We consider free space and guiding structures by showing how the interaction of the electromagnetic wave with periodic dielectric (PBGs) and double negative metallic structures (DNGs) yields a negative refractive index. Some of the potential applications in connection with negative index media are briefly discussed such as focusing for a flat lens and phase advance for a left handed transmission line. To cite this article: T. Decoopman et al., C. R. Physique 6 (2005).