Organic geochemical characteristics and oil generating potential of the Upper Jurassic Safer shale sediments in the Marib-Shabowah Basin, western Yemen

The organic rich Safer shales exposed in the north-central part of onshore Marib-Shabowah Basin are evaluated and their depositional environments are interpreted. Total organic carbon contents (TOC) of the shales range from 1.02–16.8 wt%, and yield hydrogen index (HI) values ranging from 130 to 820 mg HC/g TOC, consistent with mainly Type II with minor contributions from Type I and mixed Types II–III kerogens. The Safer shale samples have vitrinite reflectance values in the range of 0.5–1.0 Ro%, indicating early mature to peak mature stage for oil generation. Tmax values range from 429–438 °C, which are in reasonably good agreement with vitrinite reflectance data. Kerogen microscopy shows that the Safer shales are characterized by high amounts of organic matter, consisting predominantly of yellow fluorescing amorphous organic matter and alginite of marine origin. This is supported by their high content of hydrogen rich Type II and I oil-prone kerogen. omarker distributions of the Upper Jurassic Safer extracts are characterized by dominant low to medium molecular weight compounds (n-C14 to n-C20), low Pr/Ph ratio (<1.0), high phytane/n-C18 ratios (0.82–2.68), and predominant regular sterane C27. All biomarker parameters clearly indicate that the organic matter was derived from marine algal inputs and deposited under anoxic (reducing) conditions. Hypersaline conditions also prevailed during deposition of these sediments, as indicated by the presence of gammacerane.