Advances in subsurface modeling using the TOUGH suite of simulators

The TOUGH suite of nonisothermal multiphase flow and transport simulators is continually updated to improve the analysis of complex subsurface processes through numerical modeling. Driven by research questions in the Earth sciences and by application needs in industry and government organizations, the codes are extended to include the coupling of relevant processes and subsystems, to improve computational performance, to support model development and analysis tasks, and to provide more convenient pre- and post-processing capabilities. This review paper briefly describes the history of the simulator, discusses recent advances, and comments on potential future developments and applications.