Analysis of voltage unbalance effects on induction motors with open and closed slots

This paper aims to complement studies concerning the influence of voltage unbalance on the performance of induction motors. We use sequence equivalent circuits to determine the increase of losses in the induction motor. We take into account the dependence of the rotor negative-sequence reactance with the load state and the increase in rotor resistance with the negative-sequence currents. Variations in the negative-sequence impedance are related with the structural characteristics of the rotor. We analyze motors with open and closed rotor slots, because the impedance of rotors with closed slots grows considerably when the load is less than rated, producing lower negative-sequence currents and lower losses. Increased rotor impedance in closed slot motors protects these motors against problems due to unbalanced supply voltage. For both type of rotors, we analyze motor derating factor based on voltage unbalance and increases in total losses and rotor losses.