Image watermarking scheme using nonnegative matrix factorization and wavelet transform

We introduce a robust image watermarking scheme for copyright protection using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). The core idea of the proposed approach is to decompose an image into four wavelet sub-bands and then apply NMF to the blocks of each sub-band, followed by an eigendecomposition distortion step. The experimental results clearly show a better visual imperceptibility and an excellent resiliency of the proposed watermarking scheme against intentional and geometric attacks.