Albedo and size determination of potentially hazardous asteroids: (99942) Apophis

The near-Earth object (99942) Apophis will make an extremely close approach to the Earth in 2029, and currently has approximately a one-in-45,000 chance of impacting our planet in 2036 (JPL Sentry, November 2006). Computation of the orbital evolution of this object is limited by insufficient knowledge of physical properties required to determine the role played by non-gravitational effects. Using polarimetric observations, we have obtained the first reliable determination of the albedo of Apophis, obtaining 0.33 ± 0.08 . We also derive an updated estimate of the asteroidʹs absolute magnitude: H = 19.7 ± 0.4 . Using this albedo and H, we find that Apophis has a diameter of 270 ± 60   m , slightly smaller than preliminary estimates based upon an assumed albedo. Our observations demonstrate the feasibility of polarimetric observations aimed at obtaining albedos and sizes of small, potentially hazardous asteroids.