Implications of dune pattern analysis for Titan’s surface history

Analysis of large-scale morphological parameters can reveal the reaction of dunes to changes in atmospheric and sedimentary conditions. Over 7000 dune width and 7000 dune spacing measurements were obtained for linear dunes in regions across Saturn’s moon Titan from images T21, T23, T28, T44 and T48 collected by the Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) aboard the Cassini spacecraft in order to reconstruct the aeolian surface history of Titan. Dunes in the five study areas are all linear in form, with a mean width of 1.3 km and mean crest spacing of 2.7 km, similar to dunes in the African Saharan and Namib deserts on Earth. At the resolution of Cassini SAR, the dunes have the morphology of large linear dunes, and they lack evidence for features of compound or complex dunes. The large size, spacing and uniform morphology are all indicators that Titan’s dunes are mature features, in that they have grown toward a steady state for a long period of time. Dune width decreases to the north, perhaps from increased sediment stabilization caused by a net transport of moisture from south to north, or from increased maturity in dunes to the south. Cumulative probability plots of dune parameters measured at different locations across Titan indicate there is a single population of intermediate-to-large-sized dunes on Titan. This suggests that, unlike analogous dunes in the Namib and Agneitir Sand Seas, dune-forming conditions that generated the current set of dunes were stable and active long enough to erase any evidence of past conditions.