Complex-Valued Data Envelopment Analysis

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach for measuring the relative efficiency of a decision making units consists of multiple inputs and outputs. In all standard DEA models semi positive real valued measures are assumed, while in some real cases inputs and outputs may take complex valued. The question is related to measuring efficiency in such cases. As far as we are aware, there is not any special formulation replying the complex-valued questions. The formulation developed in this paper enables one to estimate efficiency when the data are complex valued.