Recent advances in catalysts immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles

Unsupported nanoparticles are often less stable, and usually coagulation is unavoidable during the catalytic reactions. To generate stable nanoparticles with good activity, stabilizing the surface is required. Protection has been performed by the addition of polymers or long-chain alkyl surfactants with polar functional groups that attached to the nanoparticle surface via covalent or electrostatic interactions. Alternatively, nanoparticles have been immobilized or grafted onto inorganic supports to improve their stabilization and recycling ability. In this article, the green catalytic processes and recent advances in organic transformations catalyzed by magnetically retrievable catalysts are reviewed. Prior to this, methods for the synthesis of catalysts immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles are addressed briefly.