The predictive factors of diplopia and extraocular movement limitations in isolated pure blow-out fracture

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive factors for development of diplopia and extraocular muscle movement (EOM) limitations in the patients with isolated pure blow-out fracture. Methods: One hundred thirty-two patients with isolated pure blow-out fracture were included. The diagnosis was done with computed tomography scan. Possible predictive factors were analyzed with logistic regression. The cases that underwent surgery were assigned in the surgical group, and other cases were assigned in the non-surgical group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used in the surgical group to evaluate the power of time interval from trauma to the surgery to predict persistence of 6 months postoperative diplopia and EOM limitation. Results: At the first visit, 45 of 60 cases (75%) in the surgical group and 15 of 72 cases (20.8%) in the nonsurgical group had diplopia. After 6 months follow-up, 7 cases (11.7%) in the surgical group and 1 case (1.4%) in the nonsurgical group had persistent diplopia. Type of fracture was significantly associated with first visit diplopia (P ¼ 0.01) and EOM limitations (P ¼ 0.06). In the surgical group, type of fracture (P ¼ 0.02 for both) and time interval from trauma to the surgery (P ¼ 0.006 and 0.004, respectively) were significantly associated with 1 month diplopia and EOM limitations. Only time interval from trauma to the surgery (P ¼ 0.04) was significantly associated with 3 months EOM limitation. In the ROC curve analysis, if the surgery was done before 4.5 (sensitivity ¼ 87.5% and specificity ¼ 61.3%) and 7.5 (sensitivity ¼ 87.5% and specificity ¼ 66.9%) days, risk of 6 months postoperative diplopia and EOM limitation was reduced, respectively. Conclusions: In the early postoperative period, a higher rate of diplopia was observed in the patients with combined inferior and medial wall fractures and longer time intervals from trauma to the surgery. The best time for blow-out fracture surgery was within 4.5 days after the trauma.