Improving envelopment in data envelopment analysis by means of unobserved DMUs: an application of banking industry

In data envelopment analysis, the relative efficiency of a decision-making unit (DMU) is defined as the ratio of the sum of its weighted outputs to the sum of its weighted inputs allowing the DMUs to freely allocate weights to their inputs/outputs. However, this measure may not reflect a true efficiency of a DMU because some of its inputs/outputs may not contribute reasonably in computing the efficiency measure. Traditionally, to overcome this problem weights restrictions have been imposed. But, an approach for solving this problem by inclusion of some unobserved DMUs, obtained via a process with four steps, has been proposed in 2004. These unobserved DMUs are created by adjusting the output levels of certain observed relatively efficient DMUs. The method used in this research is regarded for DMUs that are operating under a constant return to scale (CRS) technology with a single input multi-output context. This method is implemented for 47 branches of bank Maskan in northeast of Tehran and the results will be analyzed.