Growth Inhibitory Effect of Oven Dried Copper Nanoparticles(CUNPS) on Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates

Drug resistant pathogenic microbes have been causing serious health issues resulting in the substantial increase of death rates and morbidity paving the way for nanoparticles to be utilized as antimicrobial agents. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of CuNPs on the growth of drug resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Minimum inhibitory concentration of CuNPs against Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis was found to be 1.25. 1.25 and 0.625 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration against the same isolates was found to be 2.5, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml respectively. The ratio of MBC/MIC, referred to as tolerance level, was calculated for all the isolates which signifies the bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect of any antimicrobial agent. For Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecium, the tolerance level was 2 while as for Enterococcus faecalis, it was 8. Antibiotic susceptibility results were calculated which showed that the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (10 µg), Amoxycillin (30 µg) and Aztreonam (30 µg). Susceptibility results were followed by calculating multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI). MARI is an important tool which gives an idea about the bacterial resistance in a given population. For all the three isolates, MARI results were equivalent to 1 because of their resistance towards all the three antibiotics used. Antimicrobial activity through well-plate method was carried out and inhibitory effect of CuNPs on biofilm formation was evaluated.