A Review of Protective Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Impairments Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Female Rats

Sleep is an important factor in memory consolidation and brain health. In addition, sleep disorder is a common complaint among females in comparison with males. In menopausal females, to relieve sleep disturbances and other menopausal symptoms, hor-mone therapy may be used. Furthermore, although estrogen had helpful e ects on the brain performance, hormone replace-ment therapy augmented unfavorable cardiovascular and oncological side e ects. It is implied that exercise is a powerful non-pharmacological intervention that can develop the cognitive performances. The current study used the behavioral, physiological, and molecular evidence supporting these views.