Nutraceuticals with pleiotropic anti-inflammatory functions for mitigating meta-inflammation

An array of age-related diseases (like diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer s, osteoporosis, cancer, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and arthritis), which are originated from lowgrade, chronic, sterile inflammation, called inflammaging have been increased in aged population. In line with this notion, an abundant body of evidence has been demonstrated that quasi-self-stimulations like over-nutrition and gut microbiota could produce metabolic induced inflammation called metainflammation. In fact, meta-inflammation which is a result of nutrient excess is a special situation of inflammaging that has a similar molecular mechanism to inflammaging and both inflammaging and meta-inflammation resulted in activating pro-inflammatory pathway. Today it has been revealed that the human diet has significant impacts on preventing meta-inflammation. As a matter of fact, nutrition is one of the most pivotal modulators of low grade- chronic inflammation which can control it. Expanding data showed that phytochemicals especially curcumin and resveratrol, melatonin and vitamin D may exert several anti-inflammatory activities in the context of meta-inflammation. Since these nutrients have pleiotropic functions for inhibiting metabolic inflammation, they could be more efficient in anti-inflammatory based therapy for meta-inflammation in comparison to other nutrients. Here we reviewed the anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects of some nutrients with pleiotropic effects on inflammation by considering their impacts on the meta-inflammination.