Cooling a hot obstacle in a rectangular enclosure by using a MHD nanofluid with variable properties

In this study, the cooling of a hot obstacle in a rectangular cavity filled with water-CuO nanofuid is examined numerically. This cavity has an inlet and outlet, and the cold nanofluid comes from the left side of the cavity and goes out from the opposite side, after cooling the hot obstacle. All walls are insulated, and the SIMPLER algorithm is employed for solving the governing equations. The effects of fluid inertia, the magnetic field strength, the volume fraction of nanoparticles, and the place of the outlet on the heat transfer rate are scrutinized. According to the results, the average Nusselt number builds up as the outlet place goes down. In other words, when the outlet is located at the bottom of the cavity, the rate of the heat transfer is maximum. Moreover, by increasing the Reynolds number and volume fraction of nanoparticles, the average Nusselt number builds up as well.