Mesenchymal stem cells as potential therapeutic approaches in celiac disease

As a chronic immune complication, celiac disease has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and gluten ingestion as an external trigger will induce the onset of this disease in genetically predisposed individuals. Because of the complex nature of celiac disease and various cascades of immunological pathways, therapies which are tend to target a single pathway or factor, often have unsatisfactory results. Thus, it should be considered that the new emerging area of cellular therapy by targeting multiple pathways may hold the key for treating celiac affected patients with complicated forms of this disease. The aim of this review is to discuss different pathways which are affected by celiac disease and to compare how various strategies, mainly cellular therapies, can regulate these pathways.