Evaluation of Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Cardiac Cine-MRI Based on Artificial Intelligence in a Patient with Selenium Deficiency Cardiomyopathy (Keshan Disease): A Case Report

Keshan disease is an endemic cardiomyopathy with unknown causes. The disease mainly invades the myocardium, manifested by myocardial degeneration, necrosis, repair and other changes. MRI can objectively reflect the above pathological mechanism and characteristics, but there is no relevant literature report at present. A 51-year-old male patient was hospitalized and suspected of suffering from rare cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) showed late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the areas other than the anterior wall of the left ventricle, accompanied by irregular epicardial LGE mainly in the left ventricular apex. Results of left ventricular function parameters calculated by artificial intelligence (AI) were as follows: end-systolic volume (ESV) 98.14 mL, end-diastolic volume (EDV) 121.59 mL, ejection fraction (EF) 35.13%, end-diastolic dimension (EDD) 47.49 mm, fraction shortening (FS) 24.83%, myocardial mass (MM) 62.74 g, cardiac output (CO) 3.49 L/min, stroke volume (SV) 42.71 mL, and cardiac index (CI) 3.09 L/min.m2. According to the results of CMRI-LGE and left-ventricular functional parameters based on AI, Keshan disease manifested as enlarged morphology, abnormal cardiac function parameters, decreased myocardial cell activity, degeneration and necrosis, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis formation, which might help to diagnose the disease after excluding ischemic heart disease and primary cardiomyopathy.