Diagnosis and Management of Common Arrhythmias in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease; A Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was recognized as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent data indicate that cardiac complications are already present in children with advanced CKD. The main risk factors associated with cardiovascular mortality in adults include Coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy. Little is known regarding the specific risk factors for developing CVD morbidity and mortality in children. Based on recent reports, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest followed by cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure were the leading causes of cardiac death in this pediatric population. This review summarizes the current literature on causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms of arrhythmias in the pediatric population with CKD, as the most common and life-threatening cardiac events. Herein, we focused our discussion on prompt diagnosis and management of common arrhythmias in children with CKD.