A Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): a Review of Host Cell Signaling Pathways

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest group of positive-sense RNA viruses. By increasing our understanding of the interactions between CoVs and the host innate immune system, we can evaluate the development and persistence of inflammation in the lungs and reduce the risk of CoV-induced lung inflammation with a new group of genetic variants. Here, we aim to discuss some recent changes in host cell factors that may be used by CoV to promote the proliferation cycle. We also discuss different host cell signaling pathways that can be considered in the host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level. The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created new challenges for the cultural, economic, and health infrastructures. Therefore, it is important that healthcare systems and physicians recognize a global integrated framework for monitoring the progression of COVID-19 to develop targeted therapies that can potentially save human lives.