The ameliorating effects of Vitamin E on hepatotoxicity of ecstasy

Background: The production of stress oxidative condition in body which is caused by consumption of ecstasy (3,4‑methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) leads to a liver damage. As an antioxidant, Vitamin E can protect cells and tissues against the deleterious effects of free radicals. This study evaluates the protective effects of Vitamin E on MDMA induced liver toxicity. Materials and Methods: Twenty‑eight male albino mice were randomly assigned to four equal groups. Group 1 received saline (control), Group 2 received MDMA and saline, Group 3 received MDMA, and Vitamin E and Group 4 received Vitamin E. MDMA was injected with single daily dose, three sequential days/week for 5 weeks. At the end of the period, blood samples were collected for a biochemical analysis and then the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation for histopathological and biochemical examinations of liver. Results: The administration of Vitamin E attenuated the increased levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in serum. Vitamin E treatments significantly restored endogenous antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase enzyme) activities as compared with MDMA‑treated animals. Histological examination of liver revealed significant morphological tissue injuries in hepatocytes after MDMA being used, but in coadministration of vitamin E and MDMA, these morphological alterations reduced. Conclusion: The study showed that MDMA administration has adverse effects on the liver. Vitamin E lessened the deleterious impact considerably.