Revolutionizing Tissue Engineering through Mirroring Cell Niche and Application of Natural Compounds

considering the high prevalence of severe organ failures due to the cancer, congenital anomaly, or trauma, and the consequent needs for tissue transplantation, deficiencies in tissues and organs are a huge challenge for regenerative medicine at the moment. More than 40 years have passed since the term ‘tissue engineering’ was created as a new therapeutic means, which may overcome the drawbacks involved in the current artificial tissue or organ transplantation. Nevertheless, application of regenerated tissues is still restricted mainly owing to the cost, poor biocompatibility, low bio-functionality, as well as immune rejection. Researchers have come a long way to make safer neotissues from cells with the support of new biomaterials, recombinant proteins, and the lower dose of growth factors for medical research or even clinical trials, but some critical problems should still be resolved for the use in human patients. Thus, these issues have lead to the emergence of a new concept that focuses on looking for an alternative approach to reconstruct tissue and organ using natural, safer and cost effective methods.