Optimal distributed generation placement strategy to enhancing resilience against smoke effect

Climate change raises natural disasters, especially high impact low probability (HILP) events like wildfire. The effect of wildfire on power systems could be investigated based on the flame and smoke of wildfire. Smoke can affect power system resilience, however, this effect on the power system has not yet been fully investigated. In this paper, at first, the smoke effect has been examined, and after that power system resilience has been improved by the optimal placement of distributed generation resources. Since the smoke effect depends on the direction of the wind, and it has stochastic nature, the wind rose curve has been used to reduce possible scenarios. It should be noted that the proposed method has been studied on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system to the multi-objective placement of distributed generation sources. Since the multi-objective solutions have Pareto set answers, it is provided to find a unique answer by using the fuzzy method. Also, a new optimization algorithm has been presented for the first time that is called the handball championship cup algorithm or HCCA algorithm. It is shown that the proposed methods have good accuracy, and are suitable for improving the power system resilience against the smoke effect.