Congestion and Pollution, Vehicle Routing Problem of a Logistics Provider inThailand

Aim and Objective:This study aims to minimise the travelling distance, operation cost in terms of fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. It introduces the Time-Dependency Pollution-Routing Problem (TDPRP) with the implementation of the time-dependency and emission model, including constraints suchas the limitation of vehicle capacity and vehicle’s speed during different time periods in Thailand. Furthermore, the time window constraint isapplied for representing a more realistic model. The main objective is to minimise the total pollution generated because of transportation. Methods:The Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Tabu Search (TS) methods have been used to generate the optimal solution with a variety of experiments. Thebest solutions from all the experiments have been compared to the original solution in terms of the quality of the solution and the computationtime. Results:The best solution was generated by using the TS method with 30,000 trials. The minimum of the total CO2 emissions was 183.9846 kilogramsproduced from all of the vehicles during transportation, nearly half from the current transportation plan, which produced 320.94 kilograms of CO2emissions. Conclusion:The proposed model optimised both the route and schedules (multiple time periods) for a number of vehicles, for which the transportation during afixed congestion period could be predicted to avoid traffic congestion and reduce the CO2 emission. Future research is suggested to add otherspecific algorithms as well as constraints in order to make the model more realistic