GENDER AND AGE DISTRIBUTION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RENAL STONES

Background: Renal stones are commonest urological disease worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the gender and age distribution, and chemical composition of renal stones in District Dera Ismail Khan, and its adjacent areas. Material Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Urology, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, from December 2011 to January 2013. All patients with renal stones were eligible for inclusion in this study. These stones were submitted for chemical analysis for calcium, uric acid, cystine, oxalate, carbonate, phosphate, ammonia, and magnesium contents using stone analysis kit (Merck). Age in years was analyzed as mean and range. Gender, age grouping and chemical composition of stones were analyzed as frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 70 patients 62 were males (88.58%) and 8 females (11.42%). The mean age was 33 years (05- 65 years). Calcium oxalate was found in all stones (100%); however 3 stones (4.2%) were pure calcium oxalate stones. Out of 70 cases, the 15 (21.5%) stones had calcium oxalate and phosphate. Uric acid was present in 36 (51.5%) cases in mixed form but 17 stones had uric acid greater than calcium oxalate while 16 stones (22.5%) were of mixed variety with ammonium, magnesium, and cystine content. Cystine was found in 31 (44.2%) stones in mixed form. Conclusion: The most common renal stones were calcium oxalate and uric acid and most of the stones were of mixed variety with calcium oxalate, urates and phosphates as the predominant constituents