Integrated Geophysical Investigation of the Causes of Road Pavement Failure along Ibadan-Lagos Dual-Carriage, Southwestern, Nigeria

An integrated geophysical study has been conducted in a segment of Ibadan- Lagos Dual-carriage road to examine the geological factors responsible for highway failure. Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Method (VLF-EM) to evaluate the subsurface integrity, mapping out the subsurface structural features within the sub-grade soil and delineating the bedrock relief as a means of establishing the causes of road pavement failure of 1300 m stretch of road from Ibadan axis. Results from VLF-EM showed the presence of near surface linear geologic structures from the surface to a depth of 15 m which suggests probable conductive zones that have devastating effects to the foundation of the road pavement (g1, g2 and g3). VES results showed the presence of four geologic layers while fractured basement were observed with resistivity value generally less than 100 Ωm which indicates the presence of the water table. The unstable segment is characterized by low resistivity of the near surface materials and shallowness of the aquifer zone on which the road pavement was constructed. The failure of the road is caused mainly by geologic sequence and structures such as clayey subgrade soil under the road pavement and some suspected geological features such as faults and fractures.