Primary Aortoenteric Fistulae: What Every Surgeon Should Know About Its Diagnosis and Treatment

Aortoenteric fistula is a rare finding that is potentially fatal and is usually seen as a fistula between the aorta or an aortic graft and the third part of the duodenum. The type without the presence of an artificial graft is considered as primary and the other type as secondary. The patients usually present with the heralding symptom of minor hematemesis, which later leads to massive and mortal GI bleeding. The most important factor in the diagnosis of an aortoenteric fistula is to have a high clinical suspicion after taking an appropriate and accurate history. In hemodynamically stable patients with clinical suspicion, performing an intravenous-contrast-CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is of assistance in diagnosis. In general, stable hemodynamics greatly reduces the suspicion for diagnosis. Treatment is often surgical, and in regard to the severity of abdominal contamination or the level of visible infection, the extra anatomical or insitu graft repair is considered as the method of choice. This article tries to transfer our experiences in two patients, each of whom presented with hematemesis and melena without a history of underlying aortic aneurysm.