An extensive technical review from cause of fire and explosive accidents to the advanced firefighting systems on marine vessels

Ship fires and explosions often bring about dire consequences. In addition to causing damage to people and property, explosions can lead to damage to the marine environment. However, each operating ship has many potential risks of fire and explosion: such as gas cylinders, electrical equipment, transportation of flammable items such as gasoline, oil, gas. In the face of such permanent threats, ships need to be equipped with fire protection equipment to actively respond promptly in situations of fire and explosion. Vessels operating on international routes must install fire protection equipment in accordance with IMO regulations and ships operating on domestic routes must comply with national requirements. This article focuses on analyzing and investigating first the causes of fires and explosions in shipping operations of a fleet. In addition, the stringent IMO requirements to prevent fire hazards on board are also revealed. Finally, advanced fire-fighting systems on ships is proposed so that they can be applied to international fleets to ensure safety in maritime transport.