Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure and Gene Flow in Chara (Chryophyceae) Species

Chara is a morphologically variable genus. Molecular analysis (ISSR) of geneticdiversity and population structure was performed an Chara species. Population groups identified based on geographical provinces showed a significant genetic difference, but Mantel test did not show isolation by distance in the studied species. Bayesian analysis of population structure grouped Charaspecies in 2 distinct genetic groups differing in allelic composition and frequency. STRUCTURE analysis revealed genetic admixture among species which was supported by reticulation analysis. Coalescence analysis showed the occurrence of gene duplication and extinction as possible evolutionary changes along with polyploidy as the mainforces of speciation in the genus Chara.