Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Renal Failure Patients

A complex inter-relationship exists between the kidney and the heart. This problem has been rather poorly studied in the various cardio­vascular studies, particularly in the past. Many studies have been published concerning hemo­dialysis patients, but little data exist in non end-stage renal disease patients. Moreover, the majority of the studies have been obtained from American registries, making the extrapolations difficult in other countries. However, the management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in chronic renal diseases (CRD) represents a true challenge to nephrologists as well as cardiologists.